The term “state” has many different
meanings in chemistry. We already have met one meaning while writing “states of
matter”. The second meaning is physical condition of a system, in this case,
the Ideal gas. To define the physical condition of a gas there are certain
variables called “State
Variables”. There
are majorly three state variables for a given sample of gas: Pressure, Volume
and Temperature (P, V and T). When these three values are fixed for gas we say
that the gas is in a fixed state and when value of any of the state variable
changes the state of the gas also changes.
Change of State: P1 V1 T1 ---> P2 V2 T2 (From state 1 to state 2)
The amount of a gas is calculated in terms of number of moles, n (mass/molar
mass).
PRESSURE:
The molecular collisions of the gas,
with the walls of the container or anything with which it comes in contact,
results in force being applied. This force averaged per unit area is called
“Pressure”.
P = Force / Area
The SI units of pressure are N/m2 or
Pascal (Pa). There are many other units used for pressure. They are as under:
Atmosphere (atm), Bar, mm/cm Hg
column, Torr
IDEAL GAS LAWS:
These laws relate the states of a gas through
the various state variables. That is, how the state variables are related to
each other.
1. Boyle’s Law: relates P and V at constant T
for a given sample.
2. Charle’s Law: relates V and T at constant
pressure for a given sample.
3. Gay-Lussac’s Law: relates P and T at constant
volume for a given sample.
4. Avogadro’s Principle: relates V and n at
constant P and T.
Then we will combine all these laws to obtain
the combined equation of state.
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